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1.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 88(6): 962-967, Nov.-Dec. 2022. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420782

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Inner ear progenitor cells have the potential for multi-directional differentiation. Retinoic acid is an important requirement for the development of the inner ear. Blocking the Curtyr's retinoic acid signaling pathway can significantly reduce the number of hair cells. Therefore, we believe that retinoic acid may induce the regeneration of inner ear hair cells. Objective: To investigate whether the cochlear neural progenitor cells maintain the characteristics of stem cells during recovery and subculture, whether retinoic acid can induce cochlear neural progenitor cells into hair cells in vitro, and whether retinoic acid promotes or inhibits the proliferation of cochlear neural progenitor cells during differentiation. Methods: Cochlear neural progenitor cells were cultured and induced in DMEM/F12 + RA (10−6M) and then detected the expressions of hair cell markers (Math1 and MyosinVIIa) by immunofluorescence cytochemistry and realtime-polymerase chain reaction, and the proliferation of cochlear neural progenitor cells was detected by Brdu. Results: The nestin of cochlear neural progenitor cells was positively expressed. The ratios of Math1-positive cells in the control group and experimental group were 1.5% and 63%, respectively; the ratios of MyosinVIIa-positive cells in the control group and experimental group were 0.96% and 56%, respectively (p <0.05). The ratios of Brdu+-labeled cells in retinoic acid group, group PBS, and group FBS were 20.6%, 29.9%, and 54.3%, respectively; however, the proliferation rate in the experimental group decreased. Conclusion: Retinoic acid can promote cochlear neural progenitor cells to differentiate into the hair cells.


Resumo Introdução: As células progenitoras da orelha interna têm potencial para diferenciação multidirecional. O ácido retinoico é uma condição importante para o desenvolvimento da orelha interna. O bloqueio da via de sinalização do ácido retinoico no órgão de Corti pode reduzir significativamente o número de células ciliadas. Portanto, acreditamos que o ácido retinoico pode induzir a regeneração das células ciliadas do ouvido interno. Objetivo: Investigar se as células progenitoras neurais cocleares mantêm as características das células-tronco durante a recuperação e subcultura, se o ácido retinoico pode induzir a transformação de células progenitoras neurais cocleares em células ciliadas in vitro e se o ácido retinoico promove ou inibe a proliferação das células progenitoras durante a diferenciação. Método: As células progenitoras neurais cocleares foram cultivadas e induzidas em DMEM/F12+AR (106M) e, então, foram detectadas as expressões de marcadores das células ciliadas (Math1 e Myosin?a) com o uso de citoquímica por imunofluorescência e real time -polymerase chain reaction e a proliferação de células progenitoras neurais cocleares foi detectada pelo teste Brdu. Resultados: A nestina das células progenitoras neurais cocleares foi expressa positivamente. As proporções de células positivas para Math1 no grupo controle e no grupo experimental foram 1,5% e 63%, respectivamente; as proporções de células positivas para Myosin?a no grupo controle e no grupo experimental foram de 0,96% e 56%, respectivamente (p <0,05). As proporções de células marcadas com Brdu+ no grupo ácido retinoico, grupo PBS e grupo FBS foram de 20,6%, 29,9% e 54,3%, respectivamente; no entanto, a taxa de proliferação no grupo experimental diminuiu. Conclusões: O ácido retinoico pode promover a diferenciação das células progenitoras neurais cocleares em células ciliadas.

2.
Rev. Nutr. (Online) ; 33: e180232, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057195

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective Acrylamide is a potentially neurotoxic and carcinogenic chemical and naturally creates during the heating process of carbohydrate-rich foods, such as potato chips and breakfast cereals. Acrylamide might be ingested by people via consuming food that contains it. Therefore, we investigated the effect of acrylamidegiven orally to male and female rats on plasma retinoic acid and α-tocopherol and serum sialic acid and malondialdehyde levels. Method A total of 50 Wistar rats were used (25 female and 25 male, three-four weeks old). The rats of each sex were given 2 and 5mg/kg/day acrylamide via drinking water for 90 days. At the end of the treatment, the animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation. Blood specimens were collected through cardiac puncture, and serum and plasma samples were analysed using the high-performance liquid chromatography technique with a Ultraviolet detector. Results The analysis of the plasma and serum samples revealed that serum sialic acid and malondialdehyde levels in both sexes given 5mg/kg/day acrylamide were significantly increased, and the serum sialic acid levels were higher in female rats given 2mg/kg/day acrylamide. The plasma retinoic acid and α-tocopherol levels significantly decreased in both sexes given only the highest dose. Conclusion The results show that acrylamide causes an increase in oxidative stress and leads to a decrease in the levels of retinoic acid and α-tocopherol which play a role in the defense mechanism against this stress.


RESUMO Objetivo A acrilamida é um químico potencialmente neurotóxico e carcinogênico, sendo naturalmente criada durante o processo de aquecimento de alimentos ricos em carboidratos, como batatas fritas e cereais matinais. Dado que o composto pode ser ingerido através do consumo de alimentos, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo investigar o seu efeito, quando administrado oralmente a ratos, medindo-se os níveis plasmáticos de ácido retinoico e α-tocoferol, bem como os níveis séricos de ácido siálico e malondialdeído Métodos Foram utilizados cinquenta ratos Wistar, sendo metade de cada sexo, com idade entre três e quatro semanas. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, os quais receberam diferentes doses diárias de acrilamida, via água potável, durante noventa dias: o primeiro ingeriu 2mg/kg/dia; e o segundo, 5mg/kg/dia. Ao final do tratamento, os animais foram eutanasiados por meio de luxação cervical. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas através de punção cardíaca, assim como amostras de soro e plasma foram medidas usando-se a técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta performance com detector de Ultravioleta. Resultados A análise das amostras de plasma e soro revelou que os níveis de ácido siálico e malondialdeído, em ratos de ambos os sexos tratados com acrilamida de 5mg/kg/dia, foram significativamente aumentados, ao passo que os níveis séricos de ácido siálico foram maiores em ratas tratadas com 2mg/kg/dia de acrilamida. Já os níveis plasmáticos de ácido retinoico e α-tocoferol diminuíram significativamente em ratos de ambos os sexos, quando tratados com a dose mais elevada.Concl Conclusão Os resultados mostram que a acrilamida causa um aumento no estresse oxidativo e leva a uma diminuição nos níveis de ácido retinoico e α-tocoferol, que desempenham um papel no mecanismo de defesa contra esse estresse.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Acrylamide , Tretinoin , Biomarkers , Rats, Wistar , Oxidative Stress , N-Acetylneuraminic Acid , Tocopherols , Malondialdehyde
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 36(1): 338-344, Mar. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893232

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Retinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, plays essential signaling roles in mammalian embryogenesis. Prenatal rat fetuse exposure to retinoid induces some malformations in various organs, the most active and teratogenic metablolite is all-transretinoic acid (atRA). The teratogenic effects of some drugs can be prevented by the application of antioxidant drugs and stimulation of the maternal immune system. Also, quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid has excellent antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was assess the protective effects of quercetin against atRA in fetuses of rat's kidney tissue. This study was performed on 40 pregnant rats that were divided into seven groups. Control group received normal saline and test groups received DMSO, quercetin (75 mg/kg), quercetin (200 mg/kg), atRA (25 mg/kg), atRA (25 mg/kg) plus quercetin (75 mg/kg) and atRA (25 mg/kg) plus quercetin (200 mg/kg), intraperitoneally at 8-10th days of gestation. Fetuses were collected at 20th day of gestation. Kidneys were collected and placed in 10 % buffered formalin solution. Then, kidneys were sectioned by routine method and stained by H&E and examined histologically. On histomorphomertrical examination, it was observed the priglomerular space and diameter of renal corpuscle in group which received only atRA were significantly (p≤0.05) greater than those received normal saline, dimethyl sulfoxide and quercetin, while these two indexes in group which received atRA plus quercetin significantly (p≤0.05) decreased by quercetin as dose dependent manner. Number of renal corpuscles were significantly (p≤0.05) decreased by atRA, but the quercetin could not affect the glomerular numbers. It is concluded that quercetin can protect fetuses against atRA damages and prevent their incidence probably via its antioxidant effect.


RESUMEN: El ácido retinoico, un metabolito activo de la vitamina A, desempeña un papel esencial de señalización en la embriogénesis de mamíferos. La exposición al ácido retinoico en fetos de ratas prenatales induce malformaciones en varios órganos, siendo el metabolito más activo y teratogénico el ácido transretinoico (ATRA). Los efectos teratogénicos de algunos medicamentos se pueden prevenir mediante la aplicación de medicamentos antioxidantes y la estimulación del sistema inmune materno. Además, la quercetina, un flavonoide de origen natural, tiene excelentes propiedades antioxidantes. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos protectores de quercetina contra ATRA en fetos de tejido de riñón de rata. Este estudio se realizó en 40 ratas preñadas que se dividieron en siete grupos. El grupo control recibió solución salina normal y los grupos de prueba recibieron DMSO, quercetina (75 mg / kg), quercetina (200 mg / kg), ATRA (25 mg / kg), ATRA (25 mg / kg) más quercetina (75 mg / kg) y ATRA (25 mg / kg) más quercetina (200 mg / kg), por vía intraperitoneal a los 8-10 días de gestación. Los fetos se recolectaron a los 20 días de gestación. Los riñones se recogieron y se colocaron en solución de formalina tamponada al 10 %. Luego, los riñones se seccionaron por método de rutina y se tiñeron con H & E y se examinaron histológicamente. En el examen histomorfométrico, se observó que el espacio periglomerular y el diámetro del corpúsculo renal en el grupo que recibió solo ATRA fueron significativamente (p≤0.05) mayores que los que recibieron solución salina normal, dimetilsulfóxido y quercetina, mientras que estos dos índices, en el grupo que recibió ATRA más quercetina, disminuyó significativamente (p≤0.05) en forma dependiente de la dosis. El número de corpúsculos renales disminuyó significativamente (p≤0.05) por el ATRA, pero la quercetina no pudo afectar el número de glomérulos. Se concluye que la quercetina puede proteger a los fetos contra daños de ATRA y prevenir su incidencia, probablemente, a través de su efecto antioxidante.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Kidney Diseases/prevention & control , Kidney/pathology , Quercetin/administration & dosage , Tretinoin/administration & dosage , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Kidney Diseases/chemically induced , Kidney/drug effects , Rats, Wistar , Tretinoin/toxicity
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(1): 160-168, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-888076

ABSTRACT

The adipose tissue is a reliable source of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) showing a higher plasticity and transdifferentiation potential into multilineage cells. In the present study, adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) were isolated from mice omentum and epididymis fat depots. The AT-MSCs were initially compared based on stem cell surface markers and on the mesodermal trilineage differentiation potential. Additionally, AT-MSCs, from both sources, were cultured with differentiation media containing retinoic acid (RA) and/or testicular cell-conditioned medium (TCC). The AT-MSCs expressed mesenchymal surface markers and differentiated into adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. Only omentum-derived AT-MSCs expressed one important gene marker related to male germ cell lineages, after the differentiation treatment with RA. These findings reaffirm the importance of adipose tissue as a source of multipotent stromal-stem cells, as well as, MSCs source regarding differentiation purpose.(AU)


O tecido adiposo é uma fonte apropriada de células-tronco mesenquimais (MSCs), as quais demonstram ampla plasticidade com capacidade de transdiferenciar em diversas linhagens. No presente estudo, as células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas do tecido adiposo (AT-MSC) foram isoladas de tecido adiposo localizado nas regiões próximas ao omento e testículos de camundongos. Primeiramente, as AT-MSCs foram comparadas com base na expressão de marcadores antigênicos de superfície e no potencial de diferenciação nas três linhagens mesodérmicas. Além disso, AT-MSC, de ambas as fontes, foram cultivadas com meio de diferenciação contendo ácido retinóico (RA) e / ou meio condicionado testicular (TCC). As AT-MSCs expressaram marcadores de superfície mesenquimais e diferenciaram nas linhagens adipogênica, condrogênica e osteogênica. Após o tratamento com RA, somente as AT-MSCs isoladas do tecido adiposo depositado na região do omento expressaram um único importante marcador relacionado às células da linhagem germinativa masculina. Estes resultados reafirmam a importância do tecido adiposo como fonte de células-tronco estromais-multipotentes, bem como, uma fonte de MSCs para estudos de diferenciação.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Stem Cells/classification , Adipose Tissue , Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/analysis , Germ Cells
5.
Rev. Investig. Salud. Univ. Boyacá ; 2(1): 63-79, 2015. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-909562

ABSTRACT

La vitamina A es esencial para el desarrollo de las células germinales masculinas, la fertili-dad y la espermatogénesis normal. El ácido retinoico, metabolito activo de la vitamina A, es necesario para la maduración de las espermatogonias y la entrada correcta de las células germinales en la profase meiótica en los testículos. La expresión de Stra8, fundamental en la meiosis y la espermatogénesis normal, está directamente relacionada con la disponibilidad del ácido retinoico. Este artículo se centra en el proceso de espermatogénesis y la interacción de la vitamina A con el ciclo seminífero, a fin de explicar la relación existente entre la disminución de los aportes de vitamina A, y las alteraciones presentadas en la espermatogénesis de humanos y algunos animales. También, se consideran los efectos de otros genes implicados en la síntesis de la vitamina A, su transporte y su degradación, y se discuten los posibles mecanismos celu-lares que pueden verse afectados por la falta de señalización de la vitamina A, en particular, la regulación del ciclo celular y la interacción célula-célula, puntos críticos para la esperma-togénesis normal. En esta revisión de los 42 artículos científicos más relevantes del tema, se hizo una búsqueda de información en bases de datos como Science Direct, Scielo, Medline, Redalyc y Pubmed, durante los meses de enero a abril de 2014. Se encontró que en diversos estudios se ha demostrado que se puede controlar in vitro la proliferación de células germinales y su dife-renciación, y además, que un deficiente consumo de vitamina A estaría relacionado con la disminución de la fertilidad masculina.


Vitamin A is essential for the development of male germ cells, male fertility and normal sper-matogenesis. Retinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, is necessary for the maturation of spermatogonia and the correct entry of germ cells in meiotic prophase in the testicles. Stra8expression, which is essential for normal spermatogenesis and meiosis, is directly related to the availability of retinoic acid. This review of 50 scientific articles relevant to the topic will focus on the process of sperma-togenesis and interaction of vitamin A with the seminiferous cycle, in order to explain the re-lationship between the decrease in vitamin A and alterations in spermatogenesis of humans and some animals. Also, it considers the effects of other genes involved in the synthesis of vitamin A, transport, and degradation. Similarly, potential cellular mechanisms that may be affected by the lack of signs of vitamin A will be discussed, in particular the regulation of cell cycle and cell-cell interactions, which are critical for normal spermatogenesis. In conclusion, studies have shown that you can control in vitro germ cell proliferation, and differentiation and poor intake of vitamin A can be related to a decrease in male fertility.


Subject(s)
Humans , Spermatogenesis , Meiosis , Spermatogenesis-Blocking Agents , Testis , Tretinoin , Vitamin A
6.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 51(3): 541-549, July-Sept. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-766327

ABSTRACT

Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of retinol, is one of the most biologically active forms of retinoid and plays vital roles in embryonic development and in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Knowing that liposomes simulate cell membranes and that hydrogel is an ideal delivery vehicle for topical medicine, liposome-hydrogel is a novel preparation that has synergistic advantages over each component separately. Our objective was to investigate the characteristics of RA liposome-hydrogel. For quality control of the RA-loaded liposomes, we measured their morphology, particle size, Zeta-potential, and entrapment efficiency. Then we determined the viscosity of RA liposome-hydrogel. Next, the diffusion through mouse skin was explored, followed by investigation of the mRNA expression levels of Ker18, REX1, and α-FP using Q-PCR. The results showed that RA liposome-hydrogel penetrates the mouse skin effectively. The permeation rates were: Qn (%) of RA liposome-hydrogel < Qn(%) of RA-loaded liposome < Qn (%) of RA. The mRNA expression levels were dose-dependent and the effective dose decreased between vehicles due to their different release rates. F9 mouse teratocarcinoma stem cells were an ideal model to explore the mechanism of RA liposome-hydrogel in stem cell differentiation.


O ácido retinóico (RA) é um metabolito de retinol. Ele também é uma das formas mais biologicamente ativas de retinóide. Desempenha papel vital no desenvolvimento embrionário e na regulação da proliferação e diferenciação celular. Sabendo-se que lipossomas simulam a membrana das células e que hidrogel é um sistema ideal para o medicamento tópico, o lipossoma-hidrogel é uma nova preparação, que apresenta vantagens sinérgicas em relação a cada um dos componentes separados. Nosso objetivo foi investigar as características de RA lipossoma-hidrogel. A fim de controlar a qualidade do lipossoma carregado com RA, medimos morfologia, tamanho das partículas, potencial zeta e eficiência de retenção. Em seguida, determinou-se a viscosidade de RA lipossoma-hidrogel. Em seguida, avaliou-se a sua difusão através da pele de camundongos, seguida da investigação dos níveis da expressão de mRNA de Ker18, REX e de α-FP, utilizando-se Q-PCR. Os resultados mostraram que RA lipossoma-hidrogel pode penetrar na pele do camundongo de forma eficaz. As taxas de permeação foram: Qn (%) de RA lipossoma-hidrogel<Qn(%) de lipossoma RA- carregado <Qn (%) de RA. Os níveis de expressão de mRNA foram dependentes de dose e a dose efetiva diminuiu entre os veículos devido às diferentes taxas de liberação, As células estaminais de teratocarcinoma F9 de camundongo mostraram-se como modelo ideal para explorar o mecanismo de diferenciaçãode células tronco pelo RA lipossoma-hidrogel.


Subject(s)
Tretinoin/analysis , Teratocarcinoma , Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate/classification , Liposomes/classification , Diffusion
7.
Int. j. morphol ; 32(4): 1449-1456, Dec. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-734697

ABSTRACT

El déficit y exceso de vitamina A provoca malformaciones congénitas que afectan distintos órganos y sistemas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto que causa la administración de ácido retinoico a distintas dosis sobre la morfogénesis ósea del esqueleto axial en embriones de ratón Mus musculus. Mediante aleatorización simple se distribuyeron hembras recién preñadas en 4 categorías: A, B, C y D. El día 8 post fecundación (p.f), se administró 40 mg/kg de peso de ácido retinoico al grupo A, 20 mg/kg de peso de esta solución al grupo B, 1 ml/kg de peso de dimetil sulfóxido al grupo C, y el grupo D es grupo control. El día 17 de la gestación las hembras y sus fetos fueron anestesiadas y eutanasiadas con sobredosis de pentotal sódico intraperitoneal. Los fetos de cada camada fueron procesados mediante diafanización y tinción con azul de Alcian para destacar cartílago hialino y alizarina para observar tejido óseo. Los resultados se expresaron en porcentajes de malformaciones en los siguientes tres segmentos: 1) cráneo-columna cervical, 2) segmento torácico y abdominal y 3) cintura pélvica, considerándose un 100% cuando la totalidad de los elementos óseos se encontraban comprometidos. Se utilizó la prueba de Fisher para la comparación de frecuencias de malformaciones y se consideró estadísticamente significativo cuando p<0,05. En el grupo A se evidenciaron malformaciones mayores como ausencia de huesos frontales y parietales, exencefalia, defectos en el número de vértebras, y fusiones de costillas; y en el grupo B se observaron malformaciones menores como alteraciones numéricas y fusiones de costillas, existiendo diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. En los grupos C y D no se consignaron malformaciones. El ácido retinoico administrado intraperitonealmente el dìa 8 p.f en dosis de 40 y 20 mg/kg de peso se comporta como un teratógeno en los embriones de ratón, existiendo además diferencias significativas entre las malformaciones generadas por ambas dosis de ácido retinoico. La primera concentración afecta los huesos de los tres segmentos estudiados (cráneo-cervical, toracoabdominal, y pélvico) y la segunda concentración sólo afecta a dos segmentos (cráneo-cervical y toracoabdominal). Ambos tratamientos afectan los segmentos en una gradiente céfalo caudal, independiente del origen embrionario de las estructuras. Esto se debería a que los cambios en las gradientes de ácido retinoico alteran el comportamiento de células de la cresta neural craneal y el orden de la expresión de genes Hox.


The deficit and excess of vitamin A causes birth defects affecting different organ systems. The objectives of this study are to determine the effect caused by the administration of different doses of retinoic acid on bone morphogenesis of the axial skeleton in embryonic mouse Mus musculus. By simple randomization newly pregnant females were distributed into 4 categories: A, B, C and D. On day 8 post fertilization, 40 mg/kg was administered by weight of retinoic acid to the group A, 20 mg/kg body weight of the group B solution 1 ml/kg body weight of dimethyl sulfoxide and group C. Group D is the control group. On day 17 of gestation the females and their fetuses were anesthetized and euthanized with an overdose of intraperitoneal sodium pentothal. Fetuses from each litter were processed using diaphanization and Alcian blue staining to hyaline cartilage and alizarin to observe bone tissue. The results are expressed as percentages of malformations in the following three segments: 1) cranio-cervical spine, 2) thoracic and abdominal segment and 3) pelvic segment, considering 100% when all the bony elements were compromised. Fisher's exact test for comparison of frequencies of malformations was used and considered statistically significant when p<0.05. In group A, major malformations and defects were evident in the indemnity of the cranial vault, exencephaly, defects in the number of vertebrae, and fusion of ribs. In group B minor malformations as numerical alterations and rib fusions were observed. Significant differences were found between both groups. In groups C and D no malformations were recorded. Retinoic acid administered intraperitoneally at doses of 40 and 20 mg/kg acts as a teratogen in mouse embryos. There are significant differences between the defects induced by concentrations of 40 mg/k and 20 mg/k of retinoic acid. Both concentrations affect the bones of the three segments studied (cranio cervical, thoraco-abdominal and pelvic) in a cephalo caudal gradient, independent of the embryonic origin of the structures. Changes in retinoic acid concentration alter the behavior of cranial neural crest and changing the order of the HOX gene expression in the axial skeleton.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Mice , Tretinoin/administration & dosage , Abnormalities, Multiple/chemically induced , Bone Development/drug effects , Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects , Teratogens , Tretinoin/pharmacology , Embryonic Development/drug effects
8.
J. bras. neurocir ; 24(4): 312-306, 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-737594

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A mielomeningocele (MMC) é definida como o não fechamento adequado do tubo neural durante a embriogênese,acomete em média 1 a 6 em cada 2000 nascidos vivos. Objetivo: Avaliar o modelo experimental de mielomeningocele (MMC),induzido pelo ácido retinóico (AR) e ácido valpróico (AVP), quanto à ocorrência das principais malformações do fechamentodo tubo neural, dentre elas a MMC. Métodos: Foram utilizados fetos de ratos distribuídos em 3 grupos: Grupo retinóico - Fetosprovenientes de ratas que receberam dose única de AR via oral no décimo dia de gestação em doses crescentes de 60mgIKg a120mg/kg, diluída em óleo vegetal na concentração de 8mg/ml, Grupo valpróico – Fetos provenientes de ratas que receberam2 - 3 doses de AVP via peritoneal no oitavo dia de gestação em doses crescentes de 1350mglKg a 3000mg/Kg e Grupo controle- Fetos de ratas que receberam somente água destilada. No vigésimo primeiro dia de gestação, os animais foram submetidos àeutanásia em câmara com éter e laparotomia para retirada dos fetos. Os fetos foram, inicialmente, examinados externamentepara determinação de alterações macroscópicas de malformações de coluna vertebral e da cauda. Resultados: O modelo ARapresentou resultados que permitem o seu emprego no estudo das malformações da coluna vertebral e outras malformaçõesassociadas. No entanto, o modelo AVP não se mostrou viável para a indução de tais malformações...


Background: The myelomeningocele (MMC) is defined as a defective closure of the neural tube during embryogenesis, andaffects on average 1 to 6 per 2,000 live births. Objective: Evaluate a experimental model of myelomeningocele (MMC), inducedby retinoic acid (+RA) and valproic acid (VPA), regarding the occurrence of major malformations of the neural tube closureand among them the MMC. Methods: Mice fetuses were used assigned into 3 groups: Retinoic Group - Fetuses that receiveda single dose of +RA orally on the 10th day of pregnancy in increasing doses of 60mgIKg up to 120mg/kg diluted in vegetableoil at a concentration of 8mg/ml. Valproic Group - Fetuses that received 2 - 3 intraperitoneal doses of VPA on the eighth day ofpregnancy in increasing doses of 1350mg/kg up to 3000 mg/Kg. Control Group - Fetuses that received only distilled water. In21st day of pregnancy, the animals were subjected to euthanasia in an ether chamber followed by laparotomy. The fetuses wereinitially examined externally for determination of macroscopic changes of malformations of the spine and tail. Results: Themodel showed results that allow its use in studying malformations of the spine and other associated malformations. However, themodel VPA was not viable for inducing these malformations...


Subject(s)
Rats , Congenital Abnormalities , Meningomyelocele , Prenatal Care , Tretinoin , Valproic Acid
9.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 6(4): 219-222, oct.-dec. 2012.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-670612

ABSTRACT

Over the last 30 years, a variety of studies reporting the effects of vitamin A on memory havebeen published. Objective: To perform a rigorous systematic review of the literature on vitamin A and memory in order toorganize evidence-based data on the subject. Methods: Four authors carried out the systematic review in accordance withstrict guidelines. The terms ?vitamin A? OR ?retinol? OR ?retinoic acid? AND ?memory? OR ?cognition? OR ?Alzheimer? weresearched in virtually all medical research databases. Results: From 236 studies containing the key words, 44 were selectedfor this review, numbering 10 reviews and 34 original articles. Most studies used animal models for studying vitamin Aand cognition. Birds, mice and rats were more frequently employed whereas human studies accounted for only two reportson brain tissue from autopsies and one on the role of isotretinoin in cognition among individuals taking this medicationto treat acne. Conclusion: Vitamin A may be an important and viable complement in the treatment and prevention ofAlzheimer?s disease. Clinical trials are imperative and, at present, there is no evidence-based data to recommend vitaminA supplementation for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer?s disease.


Uma variedade de artigos relatando efeitos da vitamina A na memória foram publicados nos últimos30 anos. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática rigorosa da literatura sobre vitamina A e memória, visando organizar osdados com base em evidência. Métodos: Quatro autores realizaram a revisão sistemática de acordo com recomendaçõesespecíficas para tal. Os termos ?vitamin A? OR ?retinol? OR ?retinoic acid? AND ?memory? OR ?cognition? OR ?Alzheimer?foram utilizados na pesquisa de praticamente todas as bases de dados de publicações médicas. Resultados: Dos 236artigos contendo as palavras específicas de busca, 44 foram selecionados para esta revisão, sendo10 revisões e 34 artigosoriginais. A maioria dos estudos utilizou modelos animais para avaliar vitamina A e cognição. Pássaros, camundongos e ratosforam mais frequentemente utilizados, enquanto estudos com humanos foram apenas dois relatando dados de necrópsia decérebro humano e um sobre o papel da isotretinoína na cognição de indivíduos que estavam usando esta medicação paratratar acne. Conclusão: Vitamina A pode ser um complemento importante e viável no tratamento e prevenção da doença deAlzheimer. Estudos clínicos são imperativos e, no momento, não existe evidência científica que recomende suplementaçãode vitamina A na prevenção ou tratamento da doença de Alzheimer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tretinoin , Vitamin A , Cognition , Alzheimer Disease , Memory
10.
Perspect. nutr. hum ; 12(2): 119-134, jul.-dic. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-594218

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: comparar el efecto del all-trans ácido retinoico en la producción de citocinas por células mononucleares de sangre periférica (CMSP) entre niños con desnutrición aguda moderada (Dn-M), grave (Dn-G) y un grupo control de niños eutróficos (Eu). Metodología: estudio cuasi-experimental in vitro que evaluó el efecto de diferentes dosis de atRA (0, 17, 30 y 50 nM) sobre la concentración de citocinas (L-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF- e IL-12p70) en CMSP de 21 niños, distribuidos en 3 grupos: 7 con desnutrición moderada (Dn-M); 7 con desnutrición grave (Dn-G) y 7 eutróficos (Eu). Resultados: aunque 71% de los niños desnutridos (Dn-G y Dn-M) manifestaron signos de infección, presentaron una población de leucocitos y linfocitos más baja que los Eu. En los niños Dn-G se reportaron unos valores de proteína C reactiva (CRP) significativamente mayores que en los otros dos grupos y simultáneamente menor edad, menor estatura (T/E) y menor hemoglobina. Los valores de IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα e IL-10 en CMSP fueron mayores en Dn-M que en Dn-G y Eu. En la comparación entre grupos se encontró que con 50 nM de atRA el valor medio de la IL-8 fue significativamente menor y el de IL-10 mayor en Dn-G comparados con los otros grupos; de acuerdo al análisis MANOVA estas diferencias se atribuyeron al hecho de pertenecer al grupo (Dn-G) y no a la dosis de atRA (50 nM). El análisis del efecto de las diferentes dosis de atRA al interior de cada grupo mostró una disminución significativa con 50nM de atRA de IL-8 en Dn-G y de IL-10 en Eu. En Dn-M aumentó la IL-12p70 con dosis de 17 nM. Conclusión: el atRA influye en la producción de citocinas, pero el principal determinante de la concentración es el tipo de desnutrición.


Objective: To compare the effect of all-trans retinoic acid in the production of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) among children with moderate malnutrition (Dn-M), severe (Dn-G) and a control group of children eutrophic (Eu). Methodology: Quasi-experimental research in vitro, to assess the effect of different doses of atRA (0, 17, 30 and 50 nM) on the concentration of cytokines (L-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-12p70) in PBMC of 21 children, divided into three groups: seven with moderate malnutrition (Dn-M), 7 with severe malnutrition (Dn-G) and 7 healthy children (Eu). Results: Although 71% of malnourished children (Dn-G and Dn-M) showed signs of infection, had a population of leukocytes and lymphocytes lower than the Eu. Children Dn-G reported a concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), significantly higher than the other two groups and simultaneously younger, shorter (T/E) and lower hemoglobin. The concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα and IL-10 in PBMC was higher in Dn-M than in Dn-G and Eu. Comparison between groups was found that 50 nM of atRA concentration of IL-8 was significantly lower and the higher IL-10 in Dn-G compared with the other two groups. MANOVA analyses indicate these differences were attributed to the fact to belonging the group (Dn-G) and not the dose of atRA (50 nM). Analysis of the effect of different doses of atRA in each group showed a significant decrease with 50nM of atRA of IL-8 in Dn-G and IL-10 in Eu. IL-12p70 increased with doses of 17 nM in Dn-M. Conclusion: atRA affects the production of cytokines but the main determinant of concentration is the type of malnutrition.


Subject(s)
Child , C-Reactive Protein , Cytokines , Protein-Energy Malnutrition , Tretinoin
11.
Colomb. med ; 41(4): 377-387, oct.-dic. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-573033

ABSTRACT

Pattern recognition receptors are the main sensors of the innate immune response. Their function is to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which are molecules essential for the survival of microbial pathogens, but are not produced by the host. The recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by pattern recognition receptors leads to the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and co-stimulatory molecules that eliminate pathogens, such as viruses, for the activation of antigen presenting cells and for the activation of specific adaptive immunity. Among the most thoroughly studied pattern recognition receptors implicated in viral infections, there are the toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the RNA helicase-type retinoic acid-inducible gene-1 receptors [or RIG-like receptors (RLRs)]. Moreover, other proteins such as PKR, 2’-5’ OAS, and ADAR also act as effector proteins in antiviral responses. The identification and characterization of pattern recognition receptors have contributed to our knowledge of the role of innate immunity in viral infections and has led us to better understand host-pathogen interactions. The most recent findings concerning the role of TLRs and RLRs in viral infections, the molecular mechanisms of viral ligand recognition through pattern recognition receptors, and the activation of their signaling pathways are discussed in this review.


Los receptores de reconocimiento de patrones (PRR) son los principales sensores de la respuesta inmune innata. Su función es reconocer moléculas indispensables para la sobrevivencia de los patógenos, conocidas como patrones moleculares asociados a patógenos (PAMP). El reconocimiento de los PAMP por los PRR conlleva a la expresión de citoquinas, quimioquinas, y moléculas coestimuladoras implicadas en la eliminación de patógenos como virus, en la activación de células presentadoras de antígenos y en la inducción de una inmunidad adaptativa específica. Entre los PRR mejor descritos y con implicaciones en infecciones virales se encuentran los receptores tipo toll (TLR) y receptores tipo RNA helicasas inducibles por ácido retinoico (RLR); además las proteínas efectoras PKR, 2´-5´ OAS y ADAR también participan activamente en la respuesta antiviral. La descripción y caracterización de los PRR ha contribuido enormemente al entendimiento del papel de la respuesta inmune innata en las infecciones virales y han sido usados para comprender mejor las interacciones hospedero-patógenos. Se discuten en la presente revisión los más recientes conocimientos de los TLR y RLR, el mecanismo de reconocimiento de los virus vía PRRs y las vías de señalización activadas por dicho reconocimiento.


Subject(s)
Adaptive Immunity , Antigen-Presenting Cells , Immunity, Innate
12.
Iatreia ; 23(4): 373-385, dic. 2010-feb. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-599284

ABSTRACT

La vitamina A desempeña un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de los tejidos y órganos gracias a su capacidad de promover la diferenciación celular y regular la apoptosis. Específicamente en el sistema inmune, esta vitamina tiene efectos muy importantes sobre componentes específicos tanto de la respuesta inmune innata como de la adaptativa. En la inmunidad innata, el ácido retinoico (AR) participa en la regeneración de las mucosas y epitelios, promueve la diferenciación de células como los neutrófilos y eosinófilos y potencia la fagocitosis. Además, ayuda a la migración de las diferentes células inmunes promoviendo la producción de metaloproteinasas de matriz extracelular. Aunque sus efectos en las células NK son más controversiales, se ha encontrado que el número y la función lítica de estas células disminuyen cuando hay deficiencia de vitamina A (DVA). Por otra parte, el AR influencia el desarrollo de la inmunidad adaptativa alterando el perfil de producción de citoquinas por parte de las células presentadoras de antígeno, lo que influye en la diferenciación de los linfocitos T ayudadores. En general, se ha observado que el AR amplifica la proliferación de las células T y potencia el desarrollo de células plasmáticas a partir de los linfocitos B maduros. Todos estos efectos tienen repercusiones importantes en la adecuada defensa contra las infecciones, especialmente en la infancia en la cual la DVA es un problema importante de salud pública, no solo en Colombia sino también en aproximadamente otros 60 países.


Vitamin A plays a pivotal role in tissue and organ development due to its ability to regulate cellular differentiation and apoptosis. Moreover, this vitamin produces very important effects on specific components of innate and adaptative immune responses. Concerning the innate immune system, retinoic acid (RA) participates in the regeneration of mucosal surfaces and epithelia, also promoting neutrophil and eosinophil differentiation and enhancing phagocytosis. Additionally, vitamin A supports the production of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases enhancing the migration of different immune cells to effector sites. On the other hand, although the effects of vitamina A in the function of NK cells are more controversial, it is known that blood NK cell numbers and function are diminished during vitamin A deficiency (VAD). In adaptive immunity, RA influences the production of cytokines by antigen presenting cells, in turn, affecting the differentiation of naïve T lymphocytes into different T helper cell subpopulations. Overall, it has been established that RA increases T cell proliferation and enhances the development of plasma cell from mature B lymphocytes. Therefore, vitamin A is essential to promote suitable immune responses against pathogens, especially in children who are commonly affected by VAD not only in Colombia, but also in approximately 60 countries worldwide.


Subject(s)
Child , Vitamin A Deficiency , Lymphocytes , Micronutrients/deficiency , Retinoids/classification , Immune System , Tretinoin , Vitamin A , Vitamins/classification , Child
13.
São Paulo; s.n; 2010. 142 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, Inca | ID: lil-667417

ABSTRACT

O tumor de Wilms (TW) é a neoplasia renal maligna mais freqüente na população pediátrica e apresenta atualmente, altos índices de cura mesmo para os casos de doença metastática, mostrando que estes tumores são, na maioria das vezes, sensíveis ao tratamento. Entretanto, cerca de 20% dos pacientes são refratários aos esquemas terapêuticos disponíveis, sendo a resistência quimioterápica a principal responsável pelas falhas terapêuticas. Neste sentido, os atuais protocolos terapêuticos têm sido desenhados com o objetivo de reduzir o tratamento e, com isso, os riscos de complicações secundárias para os pacientes que cursam com bom prognóstico, restringindo as terapias mais intensas ao pequeno grupo de maus respondedores. Para isto, a identificação de pacientes potencialmente bons e maus respondedores ao tratamento quimioterápico no momento do diagnóstico torna-se de grande importância por permitir uma estratificação destes indivíduos em grupos de risco de falha terapêutica e, com isso, o desenvolvimento de um tratamento mais individualizado. Dentre os tipos histológicos que compõem o TW, o componente blastematoso é o que melhor se aplica ao estudo da resposta terapêutica uma vez que é responsável pelo potencial invasivo destes tumores e pode ser tanto sensível quanto resistente à quimioterapia. No entanto, existem poucos estudos moleculares sobre a resposta terapêutica dos TW enfocando o componente blastematoso isoladamente. Estudos têm mostrado um importante envolvimento de genes relacionados ao processo de diferenciação celular e à sensibilidade ao Ácido Retinóico (AR) nos TW, o que aponta para uma possível utilização do AR no tratamento destes tumores. Desta maneira, este projeto teve como objetivo ampliar a busca por genes diferencialmente expressos em amostras de TW de componente blastematoso com diferentes perfis de resposta terapêutica, dando ênfase ao perfil de expressão de genes envolvidos com o metabolismo do AR. ...


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Tretinoin , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Gene Expression Profiling , Clinical Evolution , Wilms Tumor
14.
CES med ; 23(1,supl): 9-25, ene.-jun. 2009. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-565207

ABSTRACT

El ácido retinoico tópico es eficaz para el tratamiento del fotoenvejecimiento. Sin embargo la irritación cutánea secundaria a su uso es un factor limitante del tratamiento. El retinaldehído es un precursor inmediato del ácido retinoico que posee actividad biológica en la piel, con menos efectos secundarios. Objetivo: comparar la eficacia y tolerancia del retinaldehido y el ácido retinoico tópicos en el tratamiento del fotoenvejecimiento, mediante perfil profilométrico y análisis clínico - fotográfico y determinar los efectos secundarios de estos medicamentos. Métodos: se incluyeron 126 mujeres colombianas (35 a 60 años), quienes no habían recibido tratamientos previos, no estaban embarazadas, ni lactando. En total 119 pacientes completaron las 24 semanas de seguimiento: a 61 pacientes se les aplicó retinaldehído y a 58, ácido retinoico. Se realizó un seguimiento clínico (que evaluó mejoría y tolerancia), en las semanas 4, 8, 16 y 20, y además se realizó profilometría del área de la pata de gallina y seguimiento fotográfico al ingreso y en la semana 24.


Topical retinoic acid has been effectively used to treat photo aging; nevertheless, cutaneous irritation as a side effect is a limiting factor for treatment. Retinaldehyde is an immediate precursor of retinoic acid that has biologic activity in the skin, with few side effects. The objective of this investigation was to compare efficacy and tolerability of topical retinoic acid and retinaldehyde in the treatment of photo aging, by means of profilometry and clinical-photographic analysis and to determine side effects from both medications. Methods: were included 160 colombian women (aged 35 to 60 years), who hadn't had previous treatments and weren't pregnant or breast feeding. A total of 119 patients completed 24 weeks of treatment. Of these, 61 used retinaldehyde and 58 retinoic acid. Clinical evaluation was carried out on weeks 4, 8, 16 and 20, and profilometry of the “crow's feet” area was done at the beginning and at week 24.


Subject(s)
Humans , Retinaldehyde/adverse effects , Retinaldehyde/history , Retinaldehyde , Skin Aging , Tretinoin , Tretinoin/adverse effects , Tretinoin
15.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 45(1): 177-183, jan.-mar. 2009. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-525785

ABSTRACT

O ácido retinóico (AR) tem sido utilizado para o tratamento de acne severa, rugas, estrias e celulite, no entanto, provoca irritação na pele e sofre rápida degradação quando exposto à luz e ao calor. Métodos analíticos rápidos para quantificação do AR são, portanto, necessários para ensaios de cinética de liberação in vitro. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e validar um método rápido e sensível para o doseamento do AR em microcápsulas de alginato/quitosana contendo óleo de babaçu dispersas em gel natrosol® por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência associada à espectroscopia UV e aplicá-lo na avaliação do perfil de liberação in vitro dessas formulações. As análises foram realizadas em modo isocrático utilizando coluna C18 de fase reversa 150 x 4,6 mm (5 μm) com detecção a 350 nm. A fase móvel foi constituída de metanol e ácido acético 1 por cento (85:15 v/v) com vazão de 1,8 mL/minuto. A faixa de linearidade do método foi de 0,5 a 60 μg/mL (r² = 0,999). O método validado mostrou-se sensível, específico, exato, preciso, de baixo custo e o tempo de retenção do AR foi de 5,8 ± 0,4 minutos sendo, desta forma, mais rápido do que os relatados na literatura.


Retinoic acid (RA) has been used in the treatment of severe acne, wrinkles and cellulite. However, it induces skin irritation and rapidly suffers degradation under light and high temperate exposure. Rapid analytical methods to quantify retinoic acid are therefore mandatory for in vitro drug release studies. In this framework, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a rapid and responsive method to quantify the RA in microcapsules of chitosan and alginate containing babassu oil dispersed in natrosol® hydrogel using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore this method was used to quantify in vitro release kinetics of RA from microcapsules. The analyses have been carried through an isocratic HPLC-UV method using a reversed phase 150 x 4.6 mm C18 (5μm) column, a mobile phase constituted of methanol and 1 percent acetic acid (85:15) at a flow rate of 1.8 mL/min and detection at 350 nm. The linearity range was 0.5-60 μg/mL (r² = 0.999). The validated HPLC-UV method was responsive, specific, accurate, precise, and economic and the RA retention time was 5.8 ± 0.4 minutes, being therefore, faster than that previously reported.


Subject(s)
Alginates , Chitosan , Chromatography, Liquid/instrumentation , Tretinoin/pharmacology , Tissue Extracts/analysis , Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Reproducibility of Results/methods
16.
Acta fisiátrica ; 15(1): 59-62, mar. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-492558

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam dois casos associados ao uso da isotretinoína antes ou durante o período gestacional, com seus aspectos característicos e variações, sendo uma criança do sexo feminino e outra do sexo masculino. Descritos para divulgação no meio médico das possíveis complicações do uso da isotretinoína nas mulheres em idade fértil levando em conta a gravidade das malformações nos diferentes sistemas do corpo humano.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced , Fetal Diseases , Goldenhar Syndrome , Isotretinoin/adverse effects , Goldenhar Syndrome/complications , Tretinoin/administration & dosage , Tretinoin/adverse effects , Goldenhar Syndrome/diagnosis
17.
Rev. Inst. Nac. Enfermedades Respir ; 18(1): 59-69, ene.-mar. 2005. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-632628

ABSTRACT

El ácido retinoico (AR) es el principal metabolito de la vitamina A y es esencial, tanto en el desarrollo embrionario como en mantener el crecimiento en el organismo adulto. Asimismo, el AR es importante en periodos durante los cuales hay una proliferación celular acelerada, como ocurre en el desarrollo pulmonar. En el pulmón de los mamíferos el AR induce la formación y septación alveolar durante el desarrollo y periodo posnatal, pero este evento no sucede en el pulmón adulto. Sin embargo, hay evidencia que señala que el AR induce una regeneración alveolar completa cuando los alveolos han sido destruidos por tratamientos nocivos. En este artículo revisamos algunos de los efectos que tiene el AR en el desarrollo y regeneración pulmonar, así como su importancia terapéutica en enfermedades pulmonares.


Retinoic acid (RA), the main metabolite of vitamin A (retinol) is essential for both normal embryonic development and maintenance of differentiation in an adult organism. RA is important during periods of rapid cell proliferation, such as when development of lung occurs. In the mammalian lung RA induces alveoli formation and septation in the development and postnatal period but in the adult mammalian lung this event cannot be induced. Nevertheless, there is evidence that RA induces the complete regeneration of alveoli that have been destroyed by noxious treatments. In this paper, we review some of effects of RA in the development and regeneration of the lung and its importance in the therapy of pulmonary diseases.

18.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 140(5): 547-552, sep.-oct. 2004. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-632165

ABSTRACT

Se describe el caso de una enferma con leucemia aguda promielocítica (LAP) que desarrolló síndrome del ácido transretinoico (SATRA) y se revisa la literatura. El SA TRA se presenta en enfermos con LAP tratados con ácido transretinoico (ATRA). Tiene incidencia de 5% a 27% con mortalidad de hasta 29%. Es secundario al efecto del ATRA sobre la diferenciación de los promielocitos, lo que desencadena respuesta inflamatoria sistémica, daño endotelial con síndrome de fuga capilar y obstrucción de la microcirculación e infiltración tisular. Clínicamente se manifiesta con fiebre, hipotensión, insuficiencia respiratoria, renal y hepática, infiltrados pulmonares, derrame pleural y pericárdico, y edema generalizado. El tratamiento es a base de suspensión del ATRA, medidas de apoyo y esferoides.


We described a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) who developed all-trans retinoic acid syndrome (ATRAS) and reviewed the literature. ATRAS presents in patients with APL treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). It has an incidence from 5%-27% with mortality of 29%. It is secondary to ATRA effect on promyelocyte differentiation, which causes systemic inflammatory response syndrome, endothelium damage with increase in capillary permeability, microcirculation obstruction, and tissue infiltration. ATRAS clinical manifestations are fever, hypotension, respiratory, renal and hepatic insufficiency, lung infiltrates, pleural and pericardic efussion, and generalized edema. Treatment is based on ATRA suspension, support measures, and steroids.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy , Tretinoin/adverse effects , Algorithms , Fever/chemically induced , Hypotension/chemically induced , Liver Failure/chemically induced , Renal Insufficiency/chemically induced , Respiratory Insufficiency/chemically induced , Syndrome
19.
In. II International Congress on Neuroregeneration. Proceedings (selected papers). Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, 2004. p.51-57, ilus.
Monography in English | LILACS | ID: lil-682593

ABSTRACT

Retinoic acid (RA) is a biologically important metabolite of vitamin A that modulates growth and differentiation of many cell types. Although abundant in the CNS of many vertebrates, the precise role of RA in neural development has yet to be elucidated. Moreover, very little information is available regarding the role of RA in invertebrate neural development and regeneration. We have recently demonstrated that RA stimulates neurite outgrowth from adult newt spinal cord explants and may represent a significant factor in vivo in the reciprocal interactions between peripheral nerves and regenerating limb blastema cells. This interaction leads to the restoration of a functional limb after amputation. In support of this model, we have cloned a cDNA for the retinoic acid receptor of the β subtype (RARβ) whose expression is restricted to the spinal cord and brain of the adult newt and may be present in the limb blastema. This receptor may mediate the trophic effects of blastema-derived RA on neurite outgrowth and chemotaxis from spinal cord neurons. We have also extended our studies on the role of RA to the simple nervous system of the mollusc, Lymnaea stagnalis. Preliminary data support a role for RA in the survival, outgrowth, and chemotactic response of single, isolated, identifiable neurons in culture. This work represents the first evidence for chemotaxis and trophic effects of retinoids in an invertebrate nervous system. It is hoped that our work will shed light on the evolutionary conservation of a role for RA in neural development and regeneration.


Subject(s)
Central Nervous System , Chemotaxis , Invertebrates , Mollusca , Neurons , Salamandridae , Spine , Tretinoin , Vertebrates , Vitamin A
20.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 1988. 113 p. graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, Inca | ID: biblio-933882

ABSTRACT

O efeito do TPA (12-0-tetradecanoilforbol-13-acetado) e AR (ácido retinóico) foi testado nas linhagens celulares HL-60 (leucemia promielocítica aguda), K562 (eritroleucemia) e células de pacientes com vários tipos de leucemias (11 casos de leucemia linfóide aguda-LLA, 2 casos de leucemia linfocítica crônicas-LLC e 19 casos de leucemia mielóide aguda-LMA-M1 a M7). A exposição ao TPA induziu diferentes mudanças nas células leucêmicas. Em todos os casos estudados, as células linfóides permaneceram com leucemia mielóide, aderiram ao substrato, enquanto que as células linfóides, permaneceram em suspensão, permitindo distinguir blastos mielóide de linfóides. A única exceção foi um caso de LLC, com células que se tornaram aderentes e mostraram características do tipo tricoleucemia. Além disso, houve um aumento de fagocitose, após tratamento com TPA, permitindo não somente distinguir mielóide de linfóide, pois a maioria das células mielóides são fagocítica, mas também caracterizar a leucemia tipo M7, sendo a única com atividade fagocítica negativa. Subtipos de leucemia mielóide puderam ser discriminados através da produção de lisozima após exposição ao TPA: M4 e M5, sendo os únicos que apresentaram tal aumento. Um outro parâmetro considerado baseou-se em que todas as células mielóides estudadas apresentaram um aumento de células esterase positiva depois do tratamento com TPA, com exceção das células M1, que eram negativas e assim permaneceram independente de qualquer tratamento. Foi demonstrado que TPA e AR podem levar a dois caminhos diferentes de diferenciação: a linhagem granulocítica e monocíticas, que foram favorecidas pelo AR e TPA, respesctivamente. Essa capacidade de diferenciação em duas vias foi característica de células de leucemia M3. O presente trabalho mostrou a utilidade de se usar diferentes indutores e testes funcionais (juntamente com a morfologia e a citoquímica), com a finalidade de elucidar a natureza das células leucêmicas


The effect of TPA (12-0-tetradecanoilpgorbol-13-acetate) and RA (retinoic acid) was tested on the cell lines HL-60 (acute promyelocytic leukaemia), K562 (erythroleukaemia) and cells from patients with several kinds of leukaemia (11 cases of acute lymphocytic leukaemis ALL, 2 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia-CLL and 19 acute myeloid leukaemia-M1 to M7). Esposure to TPA induced different changes in the leukaemia cells studied. In all cases examined, cells from patients with proven myeloid leukaemia became adherent to the substrate, while lymphoid leukaemia cells remained in suspension allowing to distinguish lymphoid from myeloid blast. The only exception was one case of with cells that became adherent and showed characteristics of hairy cell leukaemia. Furthermore, increased phagocytosis following TPA exposure permitted not only to distinguish myelois from lymphoid, as most myeloid cells were phagocytic, but also to characterize M7 as this was only myeloid leukaemia negative for phagocytosis. Further discrimination between the subtypes of myeloid leukaemia could be obtained through increased lysozyme production after TPA; M4 and M5 being the only ones to show an increase. All the myeloid cells studied had an increase of esterase positive cells after TPA with the exception of M1 cells that were negative before and remained as such after treatment. On the other hand, in agreement with the results of other authors, it was demonstrated that TPA and RA can lead to two independent ways of differentiation. Granulocytic-like lineag and monocytic-like cells being favoures by RA and TPA respectively. This capacity to differentiate into two pathways was a characteristic of M3 cells. The present results showed the usefulness of using differentiation inducers and functional tests toghether with morphology and cytochemistry to elucidate the nature of leukaemic cells


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Leukemia , Leukemia, Myeloid , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute , Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases , Tretinoin
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